has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners. Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research professional development and education. Therefore, combining these loci in phylogenetic analysis may be counterproductive to the goal of fully resolving the angiosperm phylogeny. However, even after potential artifacts were addressed and sites and taxa putatively associated with conflict were excluded, the resulting gene trees for the two mitochondrial loci were still substantially incongruent by all measures examined. The source of the incongruence was investigated by validating sequences with questionable affinities, excluding RNA-edited nucleotides, deleting taxa with unexpected phylogenetic associations, and comparing different phylogenetic methods. However, analyses of the separate loci produced strongly incongruent topologies. Strictly parallel sampling of 52 species was achieved as well as six additional composite terminals with representatives from the major angiosperm clades. Thus, these genes might be expected to have similar functional constraints, selection pressures, and evolutionary histories. For this study atpl and coxl were selected, which are of similar lengths, encode components of the respiratory pathway, and generally lack introns. However, individual mitochondrial loci are insufficiently informative, so that combining congruent loci is necessary. Low substitution rates in mitochondrial genes should decrease saturation, which is especially useful for the study of deep divergences. Note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the server logs.Plant molecular phylogeneticists have supported an analytical approach of combining loci from different genomes, but the combination of mitochondrial sequences with chloroplast and nuclear sequences is potentially problematic. HttpURLConnection.getResponseCode(HttpURLConnection.java:480) Root Cause : Connection refused (Connection refused) Message Failed URL: Description The server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilling the request.Įxception : Failed URL: .responseCode(Request.java:113) HTTP Status 500 – Internal Server Error HTTP Status 500 – Internal Server Error
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